![]() This overlap does not mean that astrology and astronomy were always regarded as one and the same. In ancient Babylonia, famed for its astrology, there were not separate roles for the astronomer as predictor of celestial phenomena, and the astrologer as their interpreter both functions were performed by the same person. ![]() In pre-modern times, most cultures did not make a clear distinction between the two disciplines, putting them both together as one. The compass in this 13th-century manuscript is a symbol of God's act of creation, as many believed that there was something intrinsically divine or perfect that could be found in circles. Overview Early science, particularly geometry and astronomy/astrology ( astronomia), was connected to the divine for most medieval scholars. Whereas the academic discipline of astronomy studies observable phenomena beyond the Earth's atmosphere, the pseudoscience of astrology uses the apparent positions of celestial objects as the basis for divination. Developments in 17th century philosophy resulted in astrology and astronomy operating as independent pursuits by the 18th century. Astrology and astronomy were archaically treated together ( Latin: astrologia), but gradually distinguished through the Late Middle Ages into the Age of Reason. ![]()
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